Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wokukhetha Izihlambi Zamakhemikhali

Ezindaweni eziyingozi, ukukhetha ishawa yamakhemikhali efanele kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha. Kufanele ucabangele izihlambi eziphuthumayo neziteshi zokugeza amehlo njengezipele ezibalulekile. Ngisho nokulawulwa kobunjiniyela okuhle kakhulu,ukuchayeka okungalindelekile kusengenzeka. Lezi zihlambi zisiza ukunciphisa imiphumela yokuchayeka kwamakhemikhali. Ukuthobela izindinganiso ezibalulekile kuqinisekisa ukuthi okokusebenza kusebenza ngempumelelo lapho kudingeka. II-ANSI Z358.1ejwayelekile, isibonelo, inikeza imihlahlandlela ekusebenzeni kweshawa okuphuthumayo. Ngokunamathela kulezi zindinganiso, uzivikela wena nozakwenu ekulimaleni okungase kube khona. Ukubeka phambili ukuphepha ngokukhethwa kwemishini efanele kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekugcineni indawo yokusebenza ivikelekile.

Ukuqonda Izindinganiso Ezifanele

Uhlolojikelele lwe-ANSI Z358.1

Lapho ukhetha izihlambi zamakhemikhali, kufanele uqondeI-ANSI Z358.1ejwayelekile. Lo mhlahlandlelailawula ukusebenzakanye nokugcinwa kwamashawa aphuthumayo kanye neziteshi zokugeza amehlo. Iqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zikhungo zisebenza ngempumelelo ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo. I-standard ihlanganisa izici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile:

Ukufakwa: Ukufakwa ngendlela efanele kubalulekile ukuze okokusebenza kusebenze kahle. Izinga linikeza imiyalelo enemininingwane yokuthi ungawafaka kanjani amashawa aphuthumayo neziteshi zokugeza amehlo.
Amanzi Okushisa: Ukugcina izinga lokushisa lamanzi elifanele kubalulekile. Izinga licacisa ibanga elinconyiwe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukulimala okwengeziwe ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa.
Ukugeleza Kwamanzi: Ukugeleza kwamanzi okwanele kuyadingeka ukuze kukhishwe ukungcola okusebenzayo. Izinga lichaza amanani okugeleza amancane adingekayo kuwo womabili amayunithi amapayipi namayunithi aphathekayo.

Ngokuthobela le mihlahlandlela, uyaqinisekisa ukuthi indawo osebenzela kuyo ihambisana nezindinganiso zokuphepha. Lokhu kuhambisanaivikela abasebenzi obalaizinto eziyingozi njenge-formaldehyde, i-sulfuric acid, ne-sodium hydroxide.

Amanye Amazinga Nemithethonqubo Ebalulekile

Ngale kwe-ANSI Z358.1, amanye amazinga nemithethonqubo nayo idlala indima ekukhetheni izihlambi zamakhemikhali. Lokhu kubandakanya:

Izidingo ze-OSHA: I-Occupational Safety and Health Administrationigunyaza izindawo ezifaneleukumanzisa ngokushesha noma ukushaywa kwamehlo nomzimba. Le mfuneko iqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa okuphuthumayo ngokushesha endaweni yokusebenza.
Amazinga wendawo kanye namazwe ngamazwe: Izinhlangano eziningi zikahulumeni zezempilo nezokuphepha zisebenzisa i-ANSI Z358.1. Kodwa-ke, kufanele futhi ucabangele izindinganiso zasendaweni nezamazwe ngamazwe ezingasebenza embonini ethile noma esifundeni sakho.
Amaphrothokholi Wokuhlola Nokunakekela: Ukuhlolwa okuvamile nokunakekelwa kubalulekile. Izinga lihlanganisaiziqondiso zokuhlola ukugeleza kwamanzi, ubude beyunithi, nokusebenza kwe-valve. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi azikho izithiyo nokusebenza okufanele kubalulekile ekuphepheni.

Ukuqonda lawa mazinga kukusiza ukuthi wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi lapho ukhetha okokusebenza kwezimo eziphuthumayo. Ngokwenza kanjalo, ubeka phambili ukuphepha nokuhambisana nomsebenzi wakho.

Ukucatshangelwa Okubalulekile Kwendawo Yezisetshenziswa Nokufinyeleleka

Ukunquma Izindawo Ezilungile

Ukukhetha indawo efanele yezihlambi zamakhemikhali kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwazo. Udinga ukuhlola indawo yakho yokusebenza ngokucophelela ukuze ubone izingozi ezingaba khona. Lokhu kuhlola kukusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi izishawa eziphuthumayo zidingeka kuphi kakhulu. Cabangela izindawo lapho ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali kungenzeka khona, njengendawo eseduze nendawo yokugcina noma yokubamba.

Ukubonakala kudlala indima ebalulekile ekukhetheni indawo. Qinisekisa ukuthi amashawa abonakala kalula futhi amakwe ngezimpawu ezicacile. Lokhu kubonakala kuvumela ukufinyelela okusheshayo phakathi nezimo eziphuthumayo. Kufanele futhi ucabangele ukuba seduze kweziteshi zokusebenza. Lapho ishawa isondela, isikhathi sokuphendula siyashesha uma kwenzeka kuba nesigameko.

Ukwengeza, hlola ukwakheka kwendawo yakho. Gwema ukubeka amashawa ezindaweni ezinezithiyo noma izithiyo. Lezi zithiyo zingabambezela ukufinyelela ngezikhathi ezibucayi. Ngokubeka amashawa ngobuchule, uthuthukisa ukuphepha futhi uqinisekise izikhathi zokuphendula ezisheshayo.

Ukuqinisekisa Ukufinyeleleka Kubo Bonke Abasebenzisi

Ukufinyeleleka kuyisici esibalulekile ekukhetheni izihlambi zamakhemikhali. Kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi bonke abasebenzi bangasebenzisa okokusebenza, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bangakanani amandla. Cabanga ngobude nokufinyelela kwezilawuli zeshawa. Kufanele zifinyeleleke kalula kubasebenzisi bobude obuhlukahlukene.

Indlela eya eshaweni kufanele icace futhi ingavinjwa. Lokhu kucaca kuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzisi bangakwazi ukufinyelela eshaweni ngokushesha ngaphandle kwesithiyo. Kufanele futhi ucabangele izidingo zabantu abakhubazekile. Faka amashawa athobela izindinganiso ze-ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act) uma kudingeka.

Hlola njalo ukufinyeleleka kwamashawa akho. Yenza izivivinyo zokuqinisekisa ukuthi bonke abasebenzi bayakwazi ukufinyelela nokusebenzisa imishini. Ngokubeka phambili ukufinyeleleka, udala indawo ephephile yawo wonke umuntu endaweni yakho yokusebenza.

Izidingo Eziningiliziwe Zezinga Lokushisa Lamanzi Nokugeleza

Izinga Lokushisa Lamanzi Elinconyiwe

Lapho ukhetha izihlambi zamakhemikhali, kufanele ubeke kuqala izinga lokushisa lamanzi. II-ANSI Z358.1izinga licacisa ukuthi amanzi kufanele abephakathi kuka-60°F no-100°F(16°C no-38°C). Lolu hlu luqinisekisa ukukhishwa okusebenzayo ngaphandle kokulimaza isikhumba noma amehlo. Amanzi abanda kakhulu angaholela ku-hypothermia, kuyilapho amanzi ashisayo kakhulu angabangela ukushisa noma ukulimala okwengeziwe.

Ukuze ulondoloze izinga lokushisa elilungile, cabanga ukufaka i-valve yokuxuba i-thermostatic. Le divayisi isiza ukulawula izinga lokushisa lamanzi, iqinisekise ukuthi ihlala ngaphakathi kwebanga elinconyiwe. Hlola njalo futhi ulinganise lawa ma-valve ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza okufanayo. Ngokwenza kanjalo, unikeza indawo ephephile kunoma ubani ongase adinge ukusebenzisa ishawa esiphuthumayo.

Ukuqinisekisa Ukugeleza Kwamanzi Okwanele

Ukugeleza kwamanzi okwanele kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwezihlambi zamakhemikhali. Ngokuvumelana neI-ANSI Z358.1, izishawa eziphuthumayo kufanele zilethe isilinganiso esincane sokugeleza sa20 amalitha ngomzuzu (75.7 amalithangomzuzu) okungenaniImizuzu engu-15. Lesi silinganiselo sokugeleza siqinisekisa ukungcola okuphelele ngokukhipha izinto eziyingozi emzimbeni.

Ukuze ufinyelele leli zinga lokugeleza, qinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lwakho lwamapayipi lungasekela ukucindezela okudingekayo kanye nevolumu. Hlola njalo ama-showerheads namapayipi ukuze uthole noma yikuphi ukuvaleka noma ukuvuza okungase kuthiye ukugeleza kwamanzi. Yenza izivivinyo ezijwayelekile ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi amashawa ahlangabezana nezindinganiso zokugeleza ezidingekayo.

Ngokugcina izinga lokushisa elilungile nokugeleza kwamanzi, uthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezihlambi zakho zamakhemikhali. Lokhu kunaka kwemininingwane kuqinisekisa ukuthi indawo yakho yokusebenza ihlala ihambisana nezindinganiso zokuphepha futhi inikeza ukuvikelwa okuphelele kubo bonke abasebenzi.

Ukuqhathaniswa Kwezinhlobo Ezihlukene Zezisetshenziswa Zeshawa Yamakhemikhali

Lapho ukhetha ishawa yamakhemikhali, unezinketho ezimbili eziyinhloko:izihlambi ezinamapayipifuthiamashawa ephathekayo. Uhlobo ngalunye lunikeza izinzuzo ezihlukile nokucatshangelwa, kuye ngezidingo zakho ezithile nendawo yokusebenza.

Amashawa amapayipi

Amashawa anamapayipi ahlala unomphela ezindaweni eziningi zezimboni. Zixhuma ngqo kumthombo wamanzi wesakhiwo, ziqinisekisa ukugeleza kwamanzi okuqhubekayo. Lokhu kusetha kuzenza zilungele izindawo lapho ukuchayeka kwamakhemikhali kuvame futhi kubikezelwe. Ungafaka amashawa anamapayipi ngaphakathi endlini noma ngaphandle, kuye ngokuma kwendawo yakho. Izinketho zifaka amamodeli abekwe odongeni, afakwe usilingi, noma azimele.

Izinzuzo Zokugeza ezinamapayipi:

Ukuhlinzekwa Kwamanzi Okuqhubekayo: Izihlambi ezinamapayipi zinikeza ukugeleza kwamanzi okungaphazamiseki, okubalulekile ekuqedeni ukungcola okusebenzayo.
Izinhlobonhlobo zokufakwa: Ungakhetha kumamodeli abekwe odongeni, afakwe usilingi, noma azimele ukuze afanele indawo yakho.
Ukuqina: Lezi zihlambi zakhelwe ukumelana nezindawo zezimboni ezinokhahlo, ezinikeza ukwethembeka kwesikhathi eside.

Kodwa-ke, izihlambi ezinamapayipi zidinga indawo engashintshi, engase ingafaneleki kuzo zonke izindawo zokusebenza. Kumele uqinisekise ukuthi uhlelo lwamapayipi lungasekela umfutho wamanzi odingekayo kanye nezinga lokugeleza. Ukugcinwa njalo kubalulekile ukuze kuvinjwe ukuvinjwa nokuqinisekisa ukuthotshelwa kwezindinganiso zokuphepha.

Amashawa Aphathekayo

Amashawa aphathekayo anikeza ukuguquguquka nokuhamba, okuwenza abe yisinqumo esihle kakhuluamasayithi omsebenzi akude noma wesikhashana. Lawa mayunithi ngokuvamile afika namanzi aphuzwayo, akuvumela ukuthi uwahambise kalula. Ngokwesibonelo, aIshawa Yokuphepha Ephathekayongeumthamo 528-galloningadonswa ngemuva kwemoto, inikeze impendulo ephuthumayo nomaphi lapho kudingeka khona.

Izinzuzo Zezihlambi Eziphathwayo:

Ukuvumelana nezimo: Ungakwazi ukuhambisa amashawa aphathekayo uwayise ezindaweni ezahlukene njengoba kudingeka, uzivumelanisa nezimo ezishintshayo zokusebenza.
Ukuhamba Kalula Kwezokuthutha: Amayunithi amaningi aphathekayo aklanyelwe ukuthutha okulula, ukuqinisekisa ukuthunyelwa okusheshayo ezimeni eziphuthumayo.
Ukunikezwa Kwamanzi Okuziqukayo: Lawa mashawa ngokuvamile ahlanganisa amanzi awo, aqede isidingo sokuxhunywa kwamapayipi amanzi angashintshi.

Amashawa aphathekayo awusizo ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezingaphandle noma ezikude lapho izinketho zamapayipi zingenakwenzeka. Kodwa-ke, kufanele uhlole njalo ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi futhi uqinisekise ukuthi iyunithi ihlangabezana nezinga lokugeleza elidingekayo kanye namazinga okushisa.

Ukubaluleka Kokuqeqeshwa Nokunakekela

Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwemishini yakho yeshawa yamakhemikhali kudinga ukuzibophezela ekuqeqesheni nasekunakekeleni okuvamile. Lezi zinqubo azigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukuphepha kodwa futhi ziqinisekisa ukuthotshelwa kwezindinganiso ezifanele.

Ukuqeqeshwa Okuvamile Kwabasebenzi

Ukuqeqeshwa kudlala indima ebalulekile ekulungiseleleni abasebenzi ukuthi baphendule ngempumelelo ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo. Kufanele wenze izikhathi zokuqeqesha njalo ukuze ujwayeze ithimba lakho ngokusebenza kwezihlambi zamakhemikhali. Lokhu kuqeqeshwa kufanele kufake:

Ukusetshenziswa Okufanelekile: Fundisa abasebenzi ukuthi bangavula kanjani futhi basebenzise ishawa yamakhemikhali ngendlela efanele. Gcizelela ukubaluleka kokuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha uma kwenzeka uchayeka.
Izinqubo Eziphuthumayo: Chaza izinyathelo okufanele uzithathe ngemva kokusebenzisa ishawa, njengokufuna usizo lwezokwelapha nokubika isigameko.
Ukuqwashisa Ngendawo: Qinisekisa ukuthi bonke abasebenzi bayazazi izindawo zamashawa amakhemikhali ngaphakathi kwesikhungo. Ukufinyelela ngokushesha kunganciphisa kakhulu umthelela wokuchayeka kumakhemikhali.

Ukuzivivinya okuvamile kuqinisa lezi zifundo futhi kwakha ukuzethemba ekusebenziseni okokusebenza. Ngokubeka phambili ukuqeqeshwa, unikeza abasebenzi bakho amandla okuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha nangempumelelo ezimeni eziphuthumayo.

Ukugcinwa Okujwayelekile Nokuhlolwa

Ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile kanye nokuhlolwa kubalulekile ekugcineni izihlambi zamakhemikhali zisesimweni esihle sokusebenza. Ukuhlola okuvamile kusiza ukuhlonza izinkinga ezingase zibe khona ngaphambi kokuba zibe bucayi. Ngokusho kongoti bezokuphepha, “Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kwamashawa okuphephakanye neziteshi zokugeza amehlo zisiza ukugwema ukungasebenzi kwemishini ezimeni eziphuthumayo futhi zigcine izindawo zokusebenza zihambisana nezidingo zokuphepha.”

Ukuze unakekele okokusebenza kwakho, cabangela lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:

Ukuhlola Okuhleliwe: Yenza ukuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze uhlole isimo seshawa. Hlola ukuvaleka, ukuvuza, nanoma yiziphi izimpawu zokuguga.
Ukugcinwa kwamarekhodi: Gcina amarekhodi anemininingwane yakho yonke imisebenzi yokuhlolwa nokugcinwa kwayo. Lawa marekhodi ayasizaukulandelela izidingo zokugcinwafuthi sigqamise izindaba okufanele zidingidwe ngaphambi kokuba ziholele ezinkingeni ezinkulu.
Ukuhlola Amaphrothokholi: Sebenzisa izinqubo zokuhlola ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi amashawa ahlangabezana nezinga lokugeleza elidingekayo kanye namazinga okushisa. Ukuhlola okuvamile kuqinisekisa ukuthi okokusebenza kusebenza ngendlela efanele lapho kudingeka.

Ngokunamathela esimisweni sokulungisa esiqinile, uqinisekisa ukuthi izihlambi zakho zamakhemikhali zihlala zithembekile futhi zisebenza ngempumelelo. Le ndlela yokwenza izinto ngokushesha inciphisa ubungozi bokungasebenzi kahle kwemishini futhi ithuthukise ukuphepha emsebenzini.

Ukukhetha ishawa yamakhemikhali efanele kubalulekile ekuphepheni kwendawo yokusebenza. Kufanele ugxile emaphuzwini abalulekile njengokuqonda izindinganiso, ukukhetha izindawo ezifanele, nokuqinisekisa ukufinyeleleka. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthobela nokuphepha, landela lezi zincomo:

Namathela Emazingeni: Qinisekisa ukuthi okokusebenza kwakho kuhlangabezana ne-ANSI Z358.1 neminye imithethonqubo efanele.
Ukuqeqeshwa Okujwayelekile: Yenza izikhathi zokuqeqesha njalo ukuze ujwayele abasebenzi ngezinqubo eziphuthumayo.
Isondlo Esijwayelekile: Hlela ukuhlolwa nokugcinwa okuvamile ukuze ugcine imishini isesimweni esiphezulu.

Ngokubeka phambili lezi zici, udala indawo ephephile futhi uthuthukise ukulungela izimo eziphuthumayo.