Likobo tse Lotang: Ho Sireletsa Mahlaseli a Limela tsa Nyutlelie

Likobo tse etellang pelephetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho sireletsa mahlaseli ka har'a limela tsa nyutlelie. Likobo tsena ka katlehomonya le ho fokotsa mahlaseli a gammale li-neutron, ka lebaka la bongata bo phahameng ba loto le nomoro ea athomo. Sena se etsa lead anthepa e loketsengbakeng sa tšireletso ea mahlaseli. Ka ho theha mokoallo pakeng tsa mehloli ea mahlaseli a kotsi le basebetsi, likobo tse loto li tiisa tikoloho e sireletsehileng ea mosebetsi. Ho feto-fetoha ha tsona ho li lumella ho etsoa ka hareboholo le dibopeho tse fapaneng, ho fana ka lisebelisoa tse fapaneng. Tšebeliso ea likobo tsa loto ke ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho boloka litekanyetso tsa tšireletso, ho sireletsa basebetsi le thepa ho pepesehela mahlaseli a kotsi a kotsi.

Thepa ea Loto bakeng sa Tšireletso ea Radiation

Density le Nomoro ea Atomic

Loto e hlahella e le sesebelisoa sa mantlha sa ho sireletsa mahlaseli ka lebaka la thepa ea eona e ikhethang. Ea eonaboima bo phahamenge bapala karolo ea bohlokoa katlehong ea eona. Lisebelisoa tse teteaneng li ka monya le ho fokotsa mahlaseli a kotsi ka katleho ho feta a fokolang haholo. Tšobotsi ena e lumella lead hore e sebetse e le tšitiso e matla khahlanong le mahlaseli a gamma le li-neutron.

Ho feta moo, palo e phahameng ea athomo ea lead e ntlafatsa bokhoni ba eona ba ho itšireletsa. Nomoro e phahameng ea athomo e bolela liprothone tse ngata khubung, e leng ho eketsang monyetla oa ho sebelisana le mahlaseli a kenang. Litšebelisano tsena li thusa ho fokotsa matla a mahlaseli a kotsi, ho etsa lead ankhetho e nepahetseng ea ho itšireletsamerero.

Ho tenyetseha le ho tšoarella

Ntle le palo ea eona le palo ea athomo, lead e fana ka maemo le ho tšoarella, tse bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebeliso e sebetsang. Baetsi ba ka bopa loto ka libopeho le boholo bo fapaneng, ba e lumella ho lekana libaka le litlhoko tse fapaneng ka har'a limela tsa nyutlelie. Ho ikamahanya le maemo hona ho tiisa hore likobo tsa loto li ka koahela lisebelisoa le libaka tse ngata, ho fana ka tšireletso e felletseng.

Ho tšoarella nako ke molemo o mong oa bohlokoa oa loto. E mamella maemo a thata ntle le ho lahleheloa ke litšobotsi tsa eona tse sireletsang. Ts'ebetso ena e tiisa ts'ebeliso ea nako e telele, e fokotsa tlhoko ea ho nchafatsa khafetsa le tlhokomelo. Ka lebaka leo, loto e lula e le tharollo e bolokang chelete e ngata bakeng sa ho sireletsa mahlaseli litsing tsa nyutlelie.

Tšebeliso ea Likobo tsa Loto Lijalong tsa Nyutlelie

Libaka tsa Tšebeliso

Likobo tse loto li sebetsa e le karolo ea bohlokoa holibaka tse fapanengka har'a limela tsa nyutlelie. Li fana ka bohlokoaho sireletsa mahlaselilibakeng tseo ho pepesehela mahlaseli a gamma le li-neutron ho atileng. Hangata basebetsi ba kopana le maemo ana a kotsi nakong ea mesebetsi ea tlhokomelo le tlhahlobo. Likobo tsa loto li sireletsa basebetsi ka katleho mahlaseling a kotsi, ho tiisa hore ho na le sebaka se sireletsehileng sa mosebetsi.

Litsing tsa nyutlelie, likobo tse etellang pele li fumana lits'ebetso libakeng tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa:

Tlhokomelo ea Reactor: Nakong ea tlhokomelo e tloaelehileng kapa tokiso e sa lebelloang, likobo tsa loto li sireletsa basebetsi khahlanong le mahlaseli a hlahisoang ke setsi sa motlakase.
Litlhahlobo tsa Radiographic: Litlhahlobo tsena li hloka tšireletso ho thibela mahlaseli a kotsi ho litsebi le lisebelisoa tse potolohileng.
Ho sebetsana le lisebelisoa tsa mahlaseli: Likobo tse etellang pele li fana ka tšireletso ha u tšoara kapa u tsamaisa thepa ea radioactive ka har'a polante.

Go fetofetoga ga dikobo tsa lloto go dira gore di dirisiwe ka ditsela tse di farologaneng, tse di jaaka matlakala kana matlapa, go tsamaisana le ditlhokafalo tse di rileng. Ho ikamahanya le maemo ho netefatsa tšireletso e felletseng le ts'ireletso maemong a fapaneng.

Ho kenya le ho Sebelisa

Ho kengoa le ho sebelisoa ha likobo tsa loto lipolanteng tsa nyutlelie ho hloka tlhophiso le ts'ebetso e hlokolosi. Ho kenngoa ka mokhoa o nepahetseng ho tiisa katleho e kholo ho sireletsa mahlaseli. Basebetsi ba tlameha ho latela litataiso tse ikhethileng ho beha likobo tsa loto ka nepo ho potoloha likarolo le lisebelisoa.

Tokisetso: Pele o kenya, hlahloba sebaka ho fumana boholo bo hlokahalang le sebōpeho sa likobo tse loto. Mohato ona o tiisa hore likobo li lekana hantle 'me li fana ka tšireletso e nepahetseng.
Ho beha maemo: Beha likobo tse loto ka mokhoa o hlophisehileng ho potoloha mohloli oa mahlaseli. Netefatsa hore libaka tsohle tse ka hlahang li koaheloa ho fokotsa ho lutla ha mahlaseli.
Ho sireletsa: Sireletsa likobo sebakeng sa tsona ka li-fasteners kapa litšehetso tse loketseng. Sena se thibela ho sisinyeha kapa ho falla nakong ea ts'ebetso, ho boloka tšireletso e tsitsitseng.
Licheke tsa Kamehla: Etsa litlhahlobo khafetsa ho netefatsa bots'epehi ba likobo tse etellang pele. Sheba matšoao leha e le afe a ho tsofala kapa tšenyo e ka senyang ts'ebetso ea bona.

Likobo tse etellang pele li fanaho tenyetseha le boiketlo ba tshebediso, e leng se etsang hore e be khetho e loketseng bakeng sa ho sireletsa mahlaseli a kotsi litsing tsa nyutlelie. Bokhoni ba tsona ba ho bōptjoa ka boholo le libopeho tse sa tšoaneng bo lumella litharollo tse lumellanang le litlhoko tse khethehileng. Ka ho latela liprothokholo tse nepahetseng tsa ho kenya le ts'ebeliso, lits'ebeletso tsa nyutlelie li ka boloka maemo a holimo a polokeho le ho sireletsa basebetsi le lisebelisoa khahlano le mahlaseli a kotsi.

Melemo ea ho Sebelisa Likobo tsa Loto

Lintlafatso tsa Tšireletso

Likobo tsa loto li ntlafatsa haholo polokeho ea limela tsa nyutlelie. Li fana ka thibelo e matla khahlanong le mahlaseli a kotsi, ho sireletsa basebetsi ho pepesehela mahlaseli a gamma le li-neutron. Tšireletso ena e bohlokoa nakong ea ts'ebetso ea tlhokomelo le tlhahlobo, moo mahlaseli a kotsi a ka bang holimo. Ka ho sebelisa likobo tsa loto, litsi tsa nyutlelie li netefatsa hore basebetsi ba lula ba bolokehile ha ba ntse ba etsa mesebetsi ea bohlokoa.

Ho sebetsa hantle ha likobo tsa loto ho sireletsa mahlaseli a kotsi ho bakoa ke ho teteana ha tsona ho phahameng le palo ea athomo. Lintho tsena li li lumella ho monya le ho fokotsa mahlaseli ka katleho. Ka lebaka leo, basebetsi ba ba le ts'oaetso e fokotsehileng ea mahlaseli, ho fokotsa likotsi tsa bophelo bo botle tse amanang le ho pepesehela lisebelisoa tsa radioactive nako e telele.

Bopaki ba Setsebi:

Litsebi tsa saense ea bongaka, ho kopanyelletsa le litsebi tsa fisiks tsa bongaka le litsebi tsa radiology, li fihletse qeto eolithebe tse loto ha li sa hlokahalamaemong a itseng a ho nahana ka bongaka.Phetoho ena e totobatsa kutloisiso e tsoelang pele ea tšireletso ea mahlaseli. Leha ho le joalo, lifemeng tsa nyutlelie, tlhoko ea likobo tsa loto e ntse e le bohlokoa ka lebaka la maemo a phahameng a mahlaseli a teng.

Bokhoni ba Ts'ebetso

Likobo tse etellang pele le tsona li kenya letsoho ts'ebetsong e sebetsang hantle ea limela tsa nyutlelie. Ho tenyetseha ha tsona ho li lumella ho bōptjoa ka libopeho le boholo bo fapaneng, ho etsa hore li tšoanelehe bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse fapaneng. Ho ikamahanya le maemo hona ho tiisa hore likobo tse loto li ka koahela lisebelisoa le libaka tse ngata, li fana ka tšireletso e felletseng ntle le ho sitisa ts'ebetso.

Ka ho fokotsa ho pepeseha ha mahlaseli, likobo tsa loto li thusa basebetsi ho etsa mesebetsi ka katleho. Basebetsi ba ka tsepamisa maikutlo mesebetsing ea bona ntle le ho tšoenyeha khafetsa ka likotsi tsa mahlaseli. Tsepamiso ena e lebisa tlhahisong e ntlafalitsoeng le ts'ebetso e ntlafalitsoeng ka har'a polante.

Ho feta moo, ho tšoarella ha likobo tsa loto ho tiisa tšebeliso ea nako e telele, ho fokotsa tlhokahalo ea ho nkeloa sebaka khafetsa. Bophelo bona bo bolelele bo fetolela ho baballa litšenyehelo bakeng sa lits'ebeletso tsa nyutlelie, kaha li ka abela libaka tse ling tsa bohlokoa lisebelisoa. Ho hlahlojoa khafetsa ho netefatsa hore likobo tsa loto li lula li sebetsa, li boloka litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa polokeho.

Mehopolo ea Polokeho le Tlhokomelo

Ho Tšoara le ho Boloka

Ho ts'oaroa le ho boloka likobo tse loto ka nepo ho bohlokoa ho netefatsa katleho ea tsona ts'ireletsong ea mahlaseli. Basebetsi ba tlameha ho ba hlokolosi ha ba sebetsana le lisebelisoa tsena ka lebaka la boima ba tsona le likotsi tse ka bang teng bophelong. Likobo tsa loto, tse tsejoang ka ho teteana haholo, li ka ba boima 'me li hloka ho tsamaisoa ka hloko ho thibela kotsi.

Ho tshoara: Basebetsi ba lokela ho sebelisa mekhoa e nepahetseng ea ho phahamisa ho laola boima ba likobo tsa loto. Ho sebelisa lithuso tsa mochini, tse kang li-hoist kapa lipopi, ho ka thusa ho tsamaisa thepa ena e boima ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng. Basebeletsi ba lokela ho roala lisebelisoa tsa ts'ireletso, ho kenyeletsoa liatlana le limaske, ho fokotsa ho kopana ka kotloloho le loto.
Polokelo: Ho boloka likobo tsa loto ka nepo ho lelefatsa bophelo ba tsona le ho boloka bokhoni ba tsona ba ho sireletsa. Li boloke sebakeng se omeletseng, se phodileng ho thibela kutu kapa ho senyeha. Qoba ho li bokella ka mokhoa o ka bakang deformation kapa tšenyo. Kamehla hlahloba libaka tsa polokelo bakeng sa matšoao leha e le afe a mongobo kapa tšilafalo.

Tlhokomelo ea Kamehla

Tlhokomelo ea kamehla ea likobo tse loto e tiisa hore li tsoela pele ho sebetsa hantle ho faneng ka tšireletso ea mahlaseli. Mehaho ea nyutlelie e tlameha ho kenya tšebetsong kemiso ea tloaelo ea tlhahlobo ho hloaea moaparo kapa ts'enyehelo efe kapa efe e ka senyang thepa ea bona ea tšireletso.

Tlhahlobo: Etsa tlhahlobo ea pono ho bona hore na ha ho na likhapha, ho phunya kapa matšoao a mang a ho khathala. Ela hloko li-seams le mathōko, kaha libaka tsena li atisa ho senyeha. Sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa ho lemoha mahlaseli ho netefatsa botšepehi ba likobo le ho netefatsa hore li fana ka tšireletso e lekaneng.
Tokiso le Phetoho: Rarolla mathata afe kapa afe a hlokometsoeng hang-hang. Lokisa ditshenyo tse nyane ka thepa le mahlale a nepahetseng. Bakeng sa tšenyo e kholo, fetola likobo tse amehileng ho boloka litekanyetso tsa polokeho. Ho boloka tlaleho ea mesebetsi ea tlhokomelo ho thusa ho latela boemo ba likobo tsa loto ha nako e ntse e ea.

“Likobo tse loto li etselitsoeboholo bo fapaneng le tshireletso e nepahetseng,”ho hlakisa bohlokwa ba tsona mabapi le ho boloka polokeho nakong ya tshebetso ya dipolante tsa nyutlelie. Tlhokomelo ea kamehla le ts'ebetso e nepahetseng e netefatsa hore lisebelisoa tsena tse feto-fetohang li tsoela pele ho fana ka tšireletso e tšepahalang ea mahlaseli.

Ka ho ikamahanya le lintlha tsena tsa polokeho le mekhoa ea tlhokomelo, litsi tsa nyutlelie li ka eketsa katleho ea likobo tsa loto. Mokhoa ona oa ts'ebetso o sireletsa basebetsi le lisebelisoa ho pepesetsoa mahlaseli, e leng se kenyang letsoho tikolohong e sireletsehileng ea ts'ebetso.

Likobo tsa loto li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho sireletseng khahlanong le mahlaseli a limela tsa nyutlelie. Tsa bonaphahameng density le nomoro ea athomoli etse lisebelisoa tsa ho thibela mahlaseli a gamma le li-neutron. Tsenalikoahelo tse boima tse sireletsangnetefatsa polokeho ka ho sireletsa batho, lisebelisoa, le libaka tse haufi le mahlaseli a kotsi.

Litsing tsa nyutlelie, likobo tsa loto li fana ka atharollo e tšepahalang le e tenyetsehang, haholo-holo nakong ea mesebetsi ea tlhokomelo le tlhahlobo. Joalo ka maemo a indasteri a ts'ireletso ea radiation, lead e ntse e hlokahala. Ha re sheba pele, tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji e sireletsang mahlaseli a kotsi e ka 'na ea ntlafatsa ts'ireletseho le ho feta, empa katleho ea lead e lula e sa bapisoe.